2010 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Technical Program

Session: TU3D	Advances in Radar Systems for Detection in Detection, Imaging, Mapping and Localization
Chair:	Gregory Lyons, MIT Lincoln Laboratory
Co-Chair:	Mohamed Abouzahra, MIT Lincoln Laboratory
Abstract:	Microwave radar systems continue to evolve for a number of applications. This session includes five papers covering several areas of interest today. Retrodirective radars are capable of detecting and tracking high-speed targets. Our first paper describes a fast retrodirective array suitable for high-speed targets in the near field. The second paper describes an airborne radar for ice sheet mapping and imaging. The calibration of the array in a polarimetric radar is essential for measuring the scattering properties of targets. This paper describes a technique to compensate for transmit polarization errors. Two ultra-wideband (UWB) radar papers conclude the session. The first UWB radar paper demonstrates 3D imaging through a wall. Both simulation and experimental results confirm the technique. The final paper demonstrates a low-cost UWB radar suitable for accurate localization in an open area. The transmitter and receiver are fabricated using 2um GaAs HBT technology.

TU3D-1	Fast Response Retrodirective Radar
1:20 PM-1:40 PM	N. B. Buchanan, V. Fusco, P. Sundaralingam, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
(1199)	This paper shows the ability of an all analogue Retrodirective Radar, the first of its type, to provide continuous surveillance and near instantaneous target acquisition while automatically beam steering in real time onto a target which is presented to it. Assessment of the phase conjugation unit shows that the Radar is capable of operating either in CW or in pulsed mode. Test results are presented which show that Retrodirective tracking of targets travelling at speeds in excess of 780 m/s is possible. To confirm tracking ability bistatic results of a small near field target are presented, and the capability is also shown to extract the position of the near field target with only very simple calculations, with no DSP circuitry required.

TU3D-2	Development of a Multi-Frequency Airborne Radar Instrumentation Package for Ice Sheet Mapping and Imaging
1:40 PM-2:00 PM	F. Rodriguez-Morales, P. Gogineni, C. Leuschen, C. T. Allen, C. Lewis, A. Patel, K. Byers, L. Smith, W. Blake, B. Panzer, L. Shi, R. Crowe, C. Gifford, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
(1416)	We have developed improved versions of three different radar systems and integrated them as an airborne instrumentation suite for sounding and imaging Polar ice sheets. The first instrument is a multi-channel, coherent pulsed chirp radar operating at VHF with up to 30 MHz bandwidth. This radar set is capable of sounding a few-kilometer thick ice while flying at altitudes up to 10 km above mean sea level. The second instrument is designed to operate at UHF using a burst of narrow-bandwidth signals to digitally synthesize a bandwidth in excess of 300 MHz. This apparatus is used to measure internal layers of the ice sheet to a depth close to 100 m. The third component to the instrumentation package is a microwave frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, which is used to measure the ice sheet surface elevation profile with centimeter accuracy. We are presenting a description of each system along with field test results that validate the performance of the instrument package.

TU3D-3	Calibration of a Digital Phased Array for Polarimetric Radar
2:00 PM-2:20 PM	C. J. Fulton, W. J. Chappell, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
(1845)	When an active phased array is used for polarimetric radar applications, the system must be calibrated to reflect the fact that polarization of the transmitted and received fields is dependent on the scan angle. This paper discusses the challenges of polarimetric phased array calibration, and demonstrates these techniques using a linear array of eight S-band dual-polarized antennas connected to an active Digital Array Radar (DAR) pro-totype system. The ability to accurately measure polarimetric scattering matrices is demonstrated after using direct far-field measurements to compensate for polarization errors on receive and target reflection measurements to compensate for transmit polarization errors.

TU3D-4	Advanced System Level Simulation of UWB Three-Dimensional Through-Wall Imaging Radar for Performance Limitation Prediction
2:20 PM-2:40 PM	Y. Wang¹, M. J. Kuhn², A. E. Fathy¹, ¹The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States, ²The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States
(1776)	A system level framework has been developed to simulate the UWB three-dimensional through-wall radar system and accurately predict its performance limitations. Only through a novel simulation model where Agilent ADS Ptolemy simulation is used combined with its Matlab co-simulation, is it possible to accurately simulate the UWB radar system. The developed simulation model has been validated experimentally using our UWB radar prototype. The system model can be easily extended to other UWB radar systems by simply changing the input pulse shape, UWB channel environment, wall characteristics, transceiver topology, etc. Various effects such as signal quality, pulse shape, wall characteristics can be easily investigated and re-optimized for high performance 3-D imaging using our developed model.

TU3D-5	A 3-5 GHz impulse radio UWB transceiver IC optimized for precision localization at longer ranges
2:40 PM-3:00 PM	J. J. Xia, C. L. Law, K. S. Koh, Y. Zhou, C. Fang, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
(1147)	In this paper an impulse radio UWB transmitter and receiver IC for precision localization sensor network at longer ranges is presented. Fabricated from a commercial low cost 2 um GaAs HBT technology, the transmitter features high output peak power, high efficiency at a low power consumption. A variable output peak power up to 20 dBm is measured with a total power consumption of 15 mW. The receiver uses non-coherent detection and has a variable front-end conversion gain up to 35 dB and a tangential signal sensitivity (TSS) of -65 dBm. Sensor network constructed with the chips shows a localization error within 10 cm covering a 100*100 m2 area.

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